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Six Core Functions of Epidemiology: Epidemiology is an important sub-field of public health that aims at primary care, which is the prevention of diseases and injuries at the community level. To achieve the goals of primary care, epidemiology has several core functions including surveillance, investigation, assessment/analysis, communication, and data-related consulting. Surveillance as a function entails both ongoing and episodic collection, analysis and interpretation of health related data to determine the likelihood of disease occurrence. Investigation entails the use of scientific methods to prove the existence of risk of diseases or injuries in the community. Analysis/assessment deals with interpretation of collected data to determine their epidemiological worthiness. Communication entails presenting the findings to a range of audience using appropriate communication methods, while data-related consulting deals with assembly, analysis and interpretation of data, in comparison to other data as a basis for making decisions (Edelman, Kudzma & Mandle, 2014).
A masters prepared registered nurse can use surveillance in clinical practice to prevent transmission of infection. For instance, a masters prepared registered nurse can rely on evidence-based practice, which is a component of surveillance to promote infection prevention through waste segregation and hand washing. The nurse can start by identifying the factors hindering waste segregation and hand washing like lack of enough coded waste bins and lack of running water and communicate the surveillance findings to relevant authorities as a way of promoting emergency action. Robert & Fletcher (2012) asserts that communication is one of the most important functions of epidemiology as it enables both the community and policy makers to prepare on how to intervene epidemiological risks, an implication that each of the core functions of epidemiology is critical for effective identification and prevention of illnesses and injuries at the community level.
References
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Edelman, C. L., Mandle, C. L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2014). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Fletcher, R. H., Fletcher, S. W., & Fletcher, G. S. (2012). Clinical Epidemiology: the essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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