Traumatic Brain Injury Card Report Paper

Traumatic Brain Injury Card Report Paper

Providing patient-centered care is a norm in the current healthcare systems due to the overarching need to respect patients’ values, preferences, and health needs. According to Edgman-Levitan & Schoenbaum (2021), patients are essential stakeholders in healthcare provision since they bring lived experiences and provide vital information regarding healthcare needs and goals. Population Health improvement initiatives (PHIIs) are among the most prominent approaches for delivering population-centered care and eliminating challenges that compromise people’s health and wellness. Implementing PHIIs means that healthcare professionals should understand patients’ contexts and develop specific interventions for improving health. Notably, the tenets of patient-centered care apply to Mr. Nowak, who suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) after a fall. Consequently, this assessment elaborates on the strategy to improve the outcome of a population health improvement plan, a personalized patient care plan for Mr. Nowak, and an evaluation plan for personalized care.

Evaluation of the Outcomes of Population Health Improvement Initiative

Safe Headspace is a non-profit institution that provides care services to patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Alice Balewa, the organization’s director provides insights into the success of care Interventions for patients with PTSD and TBI. She argues that the implementation of physical exercise had some achievements in improving memory, mood, and muscle control. For instance, the exercise program was successful in about 200 people of 45-to 80 years after four weeks of the program’s implementation. Although most people dropped out of the program, 75% continued to participate the program, achieving improvements in muscle control (15%), mood (22%), and memory (61%).

Similarly, other care interventions such as medication and therapy, and meditation achieved varying degrees of success in improving patient health and wellness, while other forms of memory exercises such as Sudoku and crossword puzzles did not have a significant impact on promoting the health of patients with PTSD and TBI. Balewa indicates various challenges that compromise the effectiveness of these interventions, including lack of interest by patients and the history of patients dropping out of the program. However, she does not explain the underlying factors that facilitate these problems.

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For instance, one of the major factors for ineffective care interventions is a lack of comprehensive follow-up activities. Although Safe Headspace implementation care approaches like physical exercise, medications and therapy, and meditation, it seems there are deficiencies in follow-up processes. For example, following up on patients participating in medication programs can improve their adherence to medical interventions. Also, the organization grapples with the problem of misunderstanding and lack of consensus goals when implementing care Interventions. In essence, it seems that the organization does not fully engage patients in developing strategic goals for each of the care approaches. Inadequate patient participation in goal setting can translate to a lack of motivation and the subsequent dropping out of care interventions. Undoubtedly, these factors contribute to the organizational failure to realize the desired outcomes.

Strategies to Improve Outcomes of a Population Health Improvement Plan

While a population health improvement plan contains a rubric for enhancing people’s health and wellness, it is essential to implement various strategies to improve the plan’s outcomes. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ, 2018), the Institute of Medicine (IOM) developed a framework for care based on six aims; safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care. Providing safe and effective care entails avoiding harm to the patients and integrating scientific knowledge in care interventions to improve care quality. On the other hand, patient-centered and timely care entails reducing waits and delays, alongside being responsive to individual preferences, needs, and values (AHRQ, 2018). Finally, equitable care includes eliminating unfavorable social determinants of health that act as the sources of inequalities, while efficient care entails avoiding waste and ensuring the economic viability of care interventions. Undoubtedly, fulfilling the six dimensions of care is consistent with improving the outcomes of a population health improvement plan.

Personalized Patient Care Plan

Based on the IOM’s dimensions of care quality, it is possible to personalize care interventions to meet Mr. Nowak’s health needs and goals. The first intervention for providing patient-centered care to Mr. Nowak is assessing his health needs to identify the underlying health factors of concern, including the cause of body balance issues. Secondly, it is essential to introduce him to moderate physical exercises, meditation, and medical interventions based on the results of patient need assessments. Physical exercises will enable the patient to manage his cholesterol levels, prevent the risks of hypertension, and manage stress emanating from TBI and PTSD. Finally, administering medications will support the patient’s recovery by addressing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When planning for these personalized interventions, it is essential to develop a follow-up plan for assisting Mr. Nowak in completing self-management approaches like medication adherence.  In essence, bi-weekly follow-ups through telehealth technology can ensure the success of retaining him in the program.

Value and Relevance of Evidence

Multiple scholarly evidence sources support the plausibility of developing a patient-centered care plan for patients with a traumatic brain disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a cross-sectional study, Oyesanya et al. (2019) contend that nurses can improve the health of patients with traumatic brain injury by assessing their needs, monitoring their conditions, coordinating care with patients and healthcare professionals, educating patients and families, and integrating therapy recommendations in the nursing care plan. On the other hand, Gallegos et al. (2017) recommend meditation and yoga as ideal interventions for addressing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The two articles are examples of evidence sources that provide credible insights into the role of nurses in improving the health of people with traumatic brain injury and PTSD.

Evaluation of Proposed Strategy

The evaluation plan for the proposed strategy entails steps to assess patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment options, the effectiveness of care processes, and short-term and long-term outcomes. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the proposed care strategy consistent with the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). According to Gyamfi et al. (2020), the CFIR framework entails assessing five profound aspects: the intervention characteristics, outer settings (patient needs, peer pressure, and resources), inner settings (networks, communication, and structural characteristics), individual characteristics (self-efficacy), and the implementation process. Notably, this framework forms the basis of formative assessments that focus on establishing areas of improvement and determining the process’s effectiveness.

In the case of Mr. Nowak, it will be essential to assess daily recordings of blood pressure and weekly follow-up through the phone to ensure that the patient is consistent in physical exercises, vital signs monitoring for hypertension, and communication patterns (self-efficacy). Also, it is crucial to assess the patient’s needs, including resource constraints that would compromise self-efficacy and adherence to care interventions (outer settings). While addressing the patient’s communication needs, it is vital to incorporate components of telehealth such as the mHealth mobile application and wearables to assist him in tracking his progress. According to Taylor et al. (2021), telehealth promotes remote patient monitoring, reducing acute care use and curtailing care costs. Finally, an interdisciplinary team will collaborate with Mr. Nowak in conducting biannual cholesterol screening to determine the success of the proposed strategies.

Conclusion

The current scholarly evidence indicates correlations between patient-centered care interventions and improve care quality. In this sense, implementing patient-specific interventions can enable healthcare professionals to assess patients’ needs and goals, alongside respecting their values and preferences. As stated in Mr. Nowak’s case study highlights the need to provide contextual and personalized care. Consistent with the need to develop personalized care for Mr. Nowak, this paper elaborates on strategies to improve the outcome of a population health improvement plan, insights from scholarly literature, and an evaluation plan for the proposed strategies.

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references

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2018). Six domains of health care quality. https://www.ahrq.gov/talkingquality/measures/six-domains.html

Edgman-Levitan, S., & Schoenbaum, S. C. (2021). Patient-centered care: achieving higher quality by designing care through the patient’s eyes. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-021-00459-9

Gallegos, A. M., Crean, H. F., Pigeon, W. R., & Heffner, K. L. (2017). Meditation and yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 58, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.004

Gyamfi, J., Allegrante, J. P., Iwelunmor, J., Williams, O., Plange-Rhule, J., Blackstone, S., Ntim, M., Apusiga, K., Peprah, E., & Ogedegbe, G. (2020). Application of the consolidated framework for implementation research to examine nurses’ perception of the task-shifting strategy for hypertension control trial in Ghana. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4912-5

Oyesanya, T. O., & Thomas, M. A. (2019). Strategies nurses use when caring for patients with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury who have cognitive impairments. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(21-22). https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14958

Taylor, M. L., Thomas, E. E., Snoswell, C. L., Smith, A. C., & Caffery, L. J. (2021). Does remote patient monitoring reduce acute care use? A systematic review. BMJ Open, 11(3), e040232. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040232

 

For this assessment, you will apply the outcomes of the Population Health Improvement Initiative (PHII) to a patient-centered care report. The bullet points below correspond to grading criteria in the scoring guide. Be sure that your report addresses all of the bullets below, at minimum. You may also want to read the Patient-Centered Care Report Scoring Guide and Guiding Questions: Patient-Centered Care Report [DOCX] to better understand how each criterion will be assessed:

Evaluate the outcomes of a population health improvement initiative.
Propose strategies for improving the outcomes of the population health improvement plan, or ensuring that all outcomes are being addressed, based on the best available evidence.
Develop an individualized personal care approach that incorporates lessons learned from a population health improvement initiative.
Justify the value and relevance of evidence used as the basis for your personal care approach to your patient.
Propose a framework that could be used to evaluate desired outcomes of your approach to personalizing care for your patients and areas that could be applied to similar situations and patients in the future.
Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
Integrate relevant sources to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.