Assignment: Application of Statistics in Health Care/HLT 362

HLT 362 Application of Statistics in Health Care
Statistics entails the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. Healthcare providers, from nurses to physicians and other professionals leverage statistics to improve the quality of care through monitoring individual health using descriptive statistics, quantifying the association between variables using regression models, and comparing the effectiveness of various medical procedures by deploying hypothesis tests. According to Harvey (2022) and Guetterman (2019), healthcare providers should possess statistical competence to improve their capacity to use research findings and translate them into practice and more studies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of statistics in healthcare and its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership. The paper also explores the use of statistics in healthcare organizations based on daily operations and decision-making.

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Application of Statistics in Health Care
i). Improving Quality
Providers and organizations use statistics in health environments to improve quality, and safety, and promote health and leadership. Healthcare providers use statistics to enhance quality based on the effectiveness of different interventions in populations. Healthcare services are sensitive and specific to patients’ unique needs. Therefore, the use of statistics is essential in determining health outcomes. Healthcare providers leverage statistics in evaluating and establishing the significance of care delivered to meet patient needs and standard models like value-based care (Alqahtani et al., 2019). Accurate diagnoses, and treatment interventions for certain diseases need statistics to determine if disease markers are dependable and can be used to make better decisions. The recent COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the role of statistics in the development of vaccines and in determining their quality for different health populations.
ii). Patient Safety
Patient safety is a core aspect of quality care to reduce medication errors and other adverse events like falls hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)and hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs). Making the correct diagnosis means that patients get safe treatment and are not harmed by unnecessary medication. As such, statistics ensure that providers have sufficient information on therapeutic indices and safety margins when developing medications while physicians understand effective dosage to ensure patient safety (Grove et al., 2019). Again, statistical analysis ensures that providers make quantitative interpretation of data to make effective decisions through better interpretation of research information.
iii). Health Promotion
Promoting health is a core aspect of improving primary health and prevention of diseases, especially lifestyle conditions and their associated risk factors. Healthcare organizations and providers like nurses require statistics to promote health through research surveys aimed at identifying unique population needs. Conducting a needs assessment requires statistics in designing a questionnaire, sampling affected persons or individuals, and gathering information as well as analysis of data and interpretation. Data on aspects like prevalence, distribution, and risks allows health experts like epidemiologists to formulate effective and evidence-based interventions to promote health (Vandever, 2020). For instance, disease surveillance like during the COVID-19 pandemic, required statistics to determine the level of spread and effects like mortality, comorbidities as well as additional risk factors.
iv). Leadership
The use of statistics in healthcare, especially in hospital settings and among staff is critical for their performance and long-term planning. Leaders need statistics to understand aspects like nurse-to-patient ratio, readmission rates, and prevalence of falls (Grove et al., 2019). An effective analysis of such data enables healthcare leaders to evaluate present gaps and needs based on treatment and efficiency while developing a roadmap of actions to enhance the quality of care and welfare of healthcare providers by tackling issues like nursing shortage and high turnover rates.
Using Statistics in Organization and Specialty Area
Nurses in different specialty areas in healthcare organizations require statistical knowledge that they apply to various aspects when making care decisions. In most cases, nurses in these specialties like emergency department, acute care, and inpatient settings as well as in pediatrics care obtain statistical knowledge through electronic health records (EHRs), patient health information, research findings, and surveys, and overall interactions with patients through assessment and evaluation (McDermott et al., 2019). For instance, nurses need statistical knowledge when conducting research and developing EBP interventions to improve patient care plans. The application of statistics in research focuses on the formulation of a hypothesis, data collection, analysis of information, interpretation, and sharing of the findings as well as using them to improve care delivery.
In the emergency department, nurses need statistics to diagnose patients and offer critical care within the shortest time possible. Again, statistics allow providers to collaborate and share patient information, like protected health information (PHI) to make better decisions in care delivery. Nurses get statistical data through their interactions with patients during their examination and evaluation as well as when getting treatment and monitoring. The implication is that statistical knowledge is a critical component of developing appropriate EBP interventions to improve patient care delivery.
Nurses in different areas of healthcare delivery and research use statistical knowledge to make effective and appropriate decisions (Grove et al., 2019). Patients get diverse outcomes and recovery trajectories due to several aspects, and statistics are vital to identifying interventions that work for patients. The implication is that decisions concerning discharge, monitoring, and reporting outcomes are well-executed when backed up by statistical evidence. Therefore, the use of statistics and statistical knowledge is an indispensable part of the nursing process and healthcare delivery.
Conclusion
Statistics play an integral role in healthcare as it ensures the effective application of different initiatives, especially in developing interventions to enhance healthcare delivery among different populations and patients. Healthcare providers leverage statistics to improve the quality of care, ascertain patient safety, promote health, and use of evidence-based decisions by organizational leaders. As such, statistical knowledge is essential in gathering and analyzing data, interpreting findings, and developing appropriate EBP interventions to improve patient care.

References
Alqahtani, N., Oh, K. M., Kitsantas, P., & Rodan, M. (2019). Nurses’ evidence‐based practice
knowledge, attitudes, and implementation: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(1-2), 274–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15097
Grove, S. K., & Cipher, D. J. (2019). Statistics for Nursing research-e-book: A Workbook for
evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Guetterman, T. C. (2019). Basics of Statistics for Primary Care Research. Family Medicine and
Community Health, 7(2):11-17. DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2018-000067.
Heavey, E. (2022). Statistics for nursing: A practical approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
McDermott, D. S., Kamerer, J. L., & Birk, A. T. (2019). Electronic health records: A literature
review of cyber threats and security measures. International Journal of Cyber Research and Education (IJCRE), 1(2), 42-49.
Vandever, C. (2020). Introduction to research statistical analysis: An overview of the basics.
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, 1(2), 71-75. DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1062

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Assessment Description

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Statistical application and the interpretation of data is important in health care. Review the statistical concepts covered in this topic. In a 750-1,000 word paper, discuss the significance of statistical application in health care. Include the following:

Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership.

Consider your organization or specialty area and how you utilize statistical knowledge. Discuss how you obtain statistical data, how statistical knowledge is used in day-to-day operations and how you apply it or use it in decision making.

Three peer-reviewed, scholarly or professional references are required.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

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Application of Statistics in Health Care – Rubric

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Rubric Criteria

Total100 points

Criterion	1. 1: Unsatisfactory	2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory	3. 3: Satisfactory	4. 4: Good	5. 5: Excellent
Application of Statistics in Health Care (quality, safety, health promotion, leadership) Application of Statistics in Health Care (quality, safety, health promotion, leadership)	0 points Application of statistics in health care is omitted or incomplete. The significance to quality safety, health promotion, and leadership is omitted.	26 points Application of statistics in health care is summarized. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is partially presented. One or more criteria are missing. There are inaccuracies. Significant information or rationale is needed.	30 points Application of statistics in health care is generally described. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is generally described for all criteria. There are minor inaccuracies. More information or rationale is needed to fully illustrate the application of statistics overall.	34 points Application of statistics in health care is described. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is described for all criteria. Some minor information or rationale is needed to fully illustrate the application of statistics to health care and the specific areas.	40 points Application of statistics in health care is described in detail. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is described thoroughly for all criteria. Strong information and rationale is provided to fully illustrate the application of statistics, and its significance, to health care and the specific areas.
Application of Statistical Knowledge to Organization or Specialty Area Application of Statistical Knowledge to Organization or Specialty Area	0 points Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is omitted. More than one criterion regarding how statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making are omitted.	19.5 points Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is summarized. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, and applied in decision is unclear; one criterion is missing. More information is needed.	22.5 points Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is generally discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is summarized. .	25.5 points Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is described. Some information or detail is needed for clarity.	30 points Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is thoroughly discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is described in detail. The ability to understand and apply statistical data is clearly demonstrated.
Thesis Development and Purpose Thesis Development and Purpose	0 points Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.	4.55 points Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.	5.25 points Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.	5.95 points Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.	7 points Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
Argument Logic and Construction Argument Logic and Construction	0 points Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.	5.2 points Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.	6 points Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.	6.8 points Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.	8 points Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
Mechanics of Writing Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)	0 points Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.	3.25 points Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.	3.75 points Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.	4.25 points Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.	5 points Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
Paper Format Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)	0 points Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.	3.25 points Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.	3.75 points Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.	4.25 points Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.	5 points All format elements are correct.
Documentation of Sources Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)	0 points Sources are not documented.	3.25 points Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.	3.75 points Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.	4.25 points Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.	5 points Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Criterion

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

3. 3: Satisfactory

4. 4: Good

5. 5: Excellent

Application of Statistics in Health Care (quality, safety, health promotion, leadership)

0 points

Application of statistics in health care is omitted or incomplete. The significance to quality safety, health promotion, and leadership is omitted.

26 points

Application of statistics in health care is summarized. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is partially presented. One or more criteria are missing. There are inaccuracies. Significant information or rationale is needed.

30 points

Application of statistics in health care is generally described. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is generally described for all criteria. There are minor inaccuracies. More information or rationale is needed to fully illustrate the application of statistics overall.

34 points

Application of statistics in health care is described. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is described for all criteria. Some minor information or rationale is needed to fully illustrate the application of statistics to health care and the specific areas.

40 points

Application of statistics in health care is described in detail. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is described thoroughly for all criteria. Strong information and rationale is provided to fully illustrate the application of statistics, and its significance, to health care and the specific areas.

Application of Statistical Knowledge to Organization or Specialty Area

0 points

Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is omitted. More than one criterion regarding how statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making are omitted.

19.5 points

Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is summarized. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, and applied in decision is unclear; one criterion is missing. More information is needed.

22.5 points

Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is generally discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is summarized. .

25.5 points

Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is described. Some information or detail is needed for clarity.

30 points

Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is thoroughly discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is described in detail. The ability to understand and apply statistical data is clearly demonstrated.

Thesis Development and Purpose

0 points

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

4.55 points

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

5.25 points

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

5.95 points

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

7 points

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

0 points

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

5.2 points

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

6 points

Argument is orderly but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

6.8 points

Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

8 points

Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

0 points

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

3.25 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.

3.75 points

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.

4.25 points

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.

5 points

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Paper Format

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

0 points

Template is not used appropriately, or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

3.25 points

Appropriate template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken. A lack of control with formatting is apparent.

3.75 points

Appropriate template is used. Formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

4.25 points

Appropriate template is fully used. There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

5 points

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

0 points

Sources are not documented.

3.25 points

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

3.75 points

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

4.25 points

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

5 points

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

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Assignment: Application of Statistics in Health Care/HLT 362

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Assignment: Application of Statistics in Health Care/HLT 362