DISCUSSION: NRNP 6552 CASE STUDY HEALTH CONDITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN

DISCUSSION: NRNP 6552 CASE STUDY HEALTH CONDITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN

DISCUSSION: NRNP 6552 CASE STUDY HEALTH CONDITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN

HEALTH CONDITIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN

Some health issues, including heart disease, depression, and autoimmune disease, present more frequently in women than in men. Others, including ovarian cancer and pregnancy issues, are obviously exclusive to the female population. Nurse practitioners focused on women’s healthcare become well-versed in these health issues and apply their expertise to helping to screen for and offer care for patients with these conditions.

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For this Discussion, you will select a specific women’s health issue. You will research this issue, and share common symptoms, recommended diagnostic tests, and common treatments.

RESOURCES

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.

Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

To prepare:

Review the Learning Resources for this week and consider the different types of women’s health issues.

Choose one of the women’s health issue from the following list and once you have selected an issue, search the Walden Library and/or the Internet regarding the health issue symptoms, diagnostic tests, and common treatments:

Osteoporosis

Bladder Issues

Pre-diabetes

Thyroid

Hypertension

Seizure Disorders

Psychiatric Disorders

PART 1: BY DAY 3

Based on the issue you chose, post a description and explanation of common symptoms, recommended diagnostic tests, and common treatments. Be specific and provide examples. Use the evidence from your search of the literature to support your explanation of the woman’s health issue you chose.

PART 2: BY DAY 5

Next, based off the one women’s health issue you picked listed below, post your responses to the following questions that corresponds to your women’s health issue.

Osteoporosis – What are your options for primary prevention? How would you educate someone on the treatment?

Bladder Issues – What exactly are the symptoms? What about Interstitial cystitis (IC) and pelvic pain?

Thyroid – What symptoms occur in women? What can you discern from that? What about infertility?

Pre-diabetes – Are there menstrual irregularities? What types of medication are they taking? What about pregnancy plans?

Hypertension – What medications are appropriate for a woman of reproductive age? Should you counsel the woman on appropriate dieting?

Seizure Disorders – What special implications do you need to consider in this particular population?

Psychiatric Disorders – Specify the types of disorders i.e., anxiety/depression/substance abuse/eating disorders

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses.

BY DAY 7

Respond to at least two of your colleagues’ posts on two different days and provide additional insight that might be useful and appropriate for the issue addressed. Use your learning resources and/or evidence from the literature to support your position.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post Reply!

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ALEXIS

Week 7 Discussion

Health Issue: Osteoporosis

Explanation/Description of Common Symptoms:

According to Rosen, osteoporosis shows no clinical manifestations until there is a fracture. (2023) Vertebral fractures are the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis. (Rosen, 2023) Fragility fractures include fractures that result from trauma such as a fall. Many people will say that they have osteoporosis when they have achy hips or feet and assume that it is osteoporosis but until they are diagnosed using T-Score from a Bone Mineral Density Testing. Bone Mineral Density assesses the components of the bone and the quality of the components.

Recommended diagnostics:

Recommended diagnostics would include DXA scan as the gold standard to get BMD assessment and to get a T-Score assessment, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) Score. (Rosen & Lewiecki, 2023) T-score less than or equal to -2.5 meet criteria for osteoporosis. (Rosen, 2023) Also, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool can be used and diagnosed as follows: 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture 20 percent or greater, or 10-year probability of hip fracture 3 percent or greater. (Lewiecki, 2023)

Common Treatments:

First we will look at lifestyle modifications that can be introduced to the patient. Lifestyle modifications can include diet that are high in protein and well balanced, weight bearing exercises at least 30 minutes daily, smoking cessation, and avoiding alcohol use. Next, incorporating supplementation such as vitamin D and calcium. Very high risk patients with T-Score that are <3.0 can be started on anabolic agent that help with bone formation if the patient is able to pay for the medications because these can be costly. Due to the high cost of anabolic medications many providers will start patients on bisphosphonates. (Rosen, 2023)

Resources

Lewiecki, M. (2023, December 19). Overview of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. UpToDate.com. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry?search=BMD&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#Links to an external site.

Rosen, H., & Lewiecki, M. (2023, December 11). Overview of the management of low bone mass and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. UpToDate.com. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-management-of-low-bone-mass-and-osteoporosis-in-postmenopausal-women?search=osteoporosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H441112790Links to an external site.

Rosen, H. (2022, April 27). Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. UpToDate.com. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-evaluation-of-osteoporosis-in-postmenopausal-women?search=osteoporosis&topicRef=2064&source=see_linkLinks to an external site.

KANDICE

Week 7. Discussion

Hypertension accounts for 1 in 5 deaths among American women and is the most prevalent risk factor for death and development of cardiovascular and other diseases (Hypertension Across a Woman’s Life Cycle, 2018). In the United States, hypertension occurs in more women than in men and after age 60 years (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023).

According to the American Heart Association, diagnosis of hypertension is based on the following blood pressure readings: normal blood pressure is <120/80, elevated 120-129/<80, hypertension stage 1. 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89, hypertension stage 2. 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 or higher, and hypertensive crisis is >180 and or diastolic >120 (High Blood Pressure, n.d.).

Hypertension is often known as “the silent killer,” because it often does not cause symptoms. However, symptoms can include early morning headaches, nosebleeds, vision changes, buzzing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, confusion, anxiety, and angina (Hypertension, n.d.) If left untreated, hypertension can cause kidney failure, vision loss, persistent angina, arrhythmias, stroke, heart attack, and heart failure (Hypertension, n.d.).

Treatment includes reducing modifiable risk factors including stress, unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and consuming alcohol (High Blood Pressure, n.d.). Diet should consist of low sodium and low saturated fat, lean protein, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Certain medications such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors are strictly contraindicated in pregnancy, and should not be prescribed to women of childbearing age without reliable contraception. Additionally, certain beta-blockers such as Atenolol should be avoided because it can cause growth retardation, hypoglycemia, and fetal bradycardia (Nilsson et al., 2020). Antihypertensive drugs that are recommended in women of reproductive age include dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, and certain beta-blockers such as labetalol, carvedilol, and metoprolol (Cardiovascular Disease Medication During Pregnancy – American College of Cardiology, 2019).

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References

Cardiovascular Disease Medication During Pregnancy – American College of Cardiology. (2019). American College of Cardiology. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2019/01/28/18/53/use-of-medication-for-cvd-during-pregnancyLinks to an external site.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, July 6). Facts about Hypertension. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htmLinks to an external site.

High Blood Pressure. (n.d.). www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressureLinks to an external site.

Hypertension. (n.d.). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/hypertension#tab=tab_1Links to an external site.

Hypertension Across a Woman’s Life Cycle. (2018). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.033?_ga=2.147321079.1152934914.1704241335-453783787.1704241335#bib8Links to an external site.

Nilsson, P. M., Viigimaa, M., Giwercman, A., & Cifkova, R. (2020). Hypertension and Reproduction. Current Hypertension Reports, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01036-2