Assignment: Approaches to Disease Management: Dermatologic Disorder
Assignment: Approaches to Disease Management: Dermatologic Disorder
Approaches to Disease Management: Dermatologic Disorder
Discuss a dermatologic disorder that affects pediatric patients and its treatment modalities.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources
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Approaches to Disease Management: Dermatologic Disorder
Dermatological conditions have a considerable impact on the quality of life and health of the affected populations. Pediatric populations are increasingly predisposed to a range of dermatological problems. Nurses and other healthcare providers should be competent in assessing, diagnosing, and treating these conditions to promote positive health outcomes. Therefore, this paper examines atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients and its treatment modalities.
Atopic dermatitis among pediatric patients is the selected dermatological disorder for this discussion. Atopic dermatitis is a type of eczema that is characterized by skin inflammation. Atopic dermatitis is associated with environmental and genetic causes, which alter the normal functioning of the immune system and cause changes in the epidermis. Patients affected by atopic dermatitis experience pruritus that begins in infancy. The pruritus progresses to dry skin, eczema lesions, and the formation of skin lichens following its subsequent attacks (Kolb & Ferrer-Bruker, 2023). Atopic dermatitis is a component of the atopic triad, which comprises asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis.
As noted above, genetics plays a role in atopic dermatitis. The risk of a child being affected by atopic dermatitis is at least 50% if one of the parents has the disease. The risk rises to 80% if both parents have atopic dermatitis. Patients with atopic dermatitis have defects in their skin barrier, which increases their susceptibility to environmental irritants, allergens, and xerosis. Exposure to these triggers causes skin inflammation and pruritus, the classic symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Clinical assessment of atopic dermatitis would reveal edematous plaques and papules with crusting or vesicles on the face, scalp, or extensor extremities in infants (Silverberg et al., 2021). Children usually visit the hospital with less exudative plaques and patches on the popliteal and antecubital fossae.
Atopic dermatitis treatment has components, including avoiding triggers, daily skin care, administering anti-inflammatory medications, and considering additional complementary therapies. Daily skin care should be incorporated into atopic dermatitis treatment in pediatric populations. This includes the application of skin emollients after exiting a lukewarm bath to prevent skin dryness. Topical steroids should also be applied before emollients to provide the lock-in effect and prevent exacerbations. Topical non-steroid agents might be used for sensitive areas such as the groin and axilla to prevent skin dryness and inflammation. Systemic therapy, including phototherapy, mycophenolate, methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclosporine might be considered if topic agents do not control the atopic dermatitis. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved dupilumab use in treating pediatric atopic dermatitis (Kolb & Ferrer-Bruker, 2023). Dupilumab inhibits the interleukin-4 receptor, preventing the inflammatory processes associated with atopic dermatitis.
Complementary therapies are also indicated for pediatric atopic dermatitis. The therapies include bleach baths twice weekly, probiotics and prebiotics use during pregnancy, and taking low-allergen diets when breastfeeding. Probiotics can improve the immune system and lower the risk of allergic IgE antibody response. Bleach baths help relieve atopic dermatitis symptoms and reduce the risk of bacterial superinfection. Crisaborole, a topic ointment might also be considered for moderate and mild atopic dermatitis (Kolb & Ferrer-Bruker, 2023). Practice guidelines should inform the selection of the different treatments for atopic dermatitis. The aim should be to improve symptom management and prevention of flares and reduce safety concerns with the treatment.
Overall, atopic dermatitis is a pediatric dermatological condition characterized by skin inflammation, irritation, and pruritus. Genetics and environmental factors contribute to atopic dermatitis development. Several treatments can be considered for atopic dermatitis. Healthcare providers should prioritize safety and quality when prescribing different treatments.
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References
Kolb, L., & Ferrer-Bruker, S. J. (2023). Atopic Dermatitis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448071/
Silverberg, J. I., Barbarot, S., Gadkari, A., Simpson, E. L., Weidinger, S., Mina-Osorio, P., Rossi, A. B., Brignoli, L., Saba, G., Guillemin, I., Fenton, M. C., Auziere, S., & Eckert, L. (2021). Atopic dermatitis in the pediatric population: A cross-sectional, international epidemiologic study. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 126(4), 417-428.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2020.12.020