ASSIGNMENT: QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODELS
ASSIGNMENT: QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODELS
Quality Improvement Models
Quality improvement models in healthcare are important because they help healthcare organizations identify and address areas of inefficiency and suboptimal care, which can lead to better patient outcomes and a more efficient use of resources. Quality improvement models often use data and evidence-based practices to identify areas for improvement, and then use various tools and techniques to implement changes and track progress. Implementing quality improvement models in healthcare can also help organizations meet regulatory requirements and accreditation standards besides improving patient satisfaction and trust in the healthcare organization.
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Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a quality improvement model used in healthcare to identify the underlying causes of adverse events or near-misses. The goal of RCA is to identify system failures and to implement changes to prevent similar events from happening in the future (Hibbert et al., 2018). The components of RCA include: -Problem identification: The first step is to clearly define the problem or event that occurred. -Data collection: Gather information about the event, including patient medical records, staff interviews, and observations (Sluggett et al., 2020). -Analysis: Use the collected data to identify the root cause of the problem; this can be done using techniques such as the “5 Whys” or Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram. -Recommendations: Based on the analysis, develop recommendations to prevent similar events from happening in the future. -Implementation: Put the recommendations into action and monitor their effectiveness. -Evaluation: Evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented changes to determine if they are successful in preventing similar events from happening in the future.
RCA is a collaborative process that involves multiple stakeholders including physicians, nurses, administrators, and risk managers. It is an ongoing process that requires ongoing monitoring and continuous improvement to ensure that the system is functioning effectively and safely.
In my healthcare organization, the implementation of RCA in response to an adverse event, involves the following steps: -Assembling a team: A team of individuals with relevant expertise and knowledge should be assembled to conduct the RCA (Kwok et al., 2020). This team might include representatives from various departments such as nursing, risk management, and quality improvement. -Gathering data: The team should gather data related to the adverse event, including patient charts, incident reports, and witness statements.
Identifying the problem: The team should review the data and identify the problem or adverse event that occurred. –Identifying the contributing factors: The team should identify any contributing factors that may have led to the adverse event. These factors could include system failures, communication breakdowns, or individual errors. -Identifying root cause(s): The team should then use the information gathered to identify the root cause(s) of the adverse event. This may involve using a tool such as the “5 Whys” method, which involves repeatedly asking “why” a problem occurred until the root cause is identified. -Developing an action plan: The team should develop an action plan to address the root cause(s) identified, and implement the plan in order to prevent similar events from occurring in the future.
An example of an adverse event that might be addressed through RCA in my healthcare organization is a medication error that occurs during the administration of medication to patients. The RCA team might identify the root cause of the error as a failure to follow proper medication administration protocols. The action plan developed in response might include revising protocols, providing additional training for staff, and implementing a system for double-checking medication administration.
References
Hibbert, P. D., Thomas, M. J., Deakin, A., Runciman, W. B., Braithwaite, J., Lomax, S., … & Fraser, C. (2018). Are root cause analyses recommendations effective and sustainable? An observational study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(2), 124-131. https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/30/2/124/4810754
Kwok, Y. T. A., Mah, A. P., & Pang, K. (2020). Our first review: an evaluation of effectiveness of root cause analysis recommendations in Hong Kong public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 1-9. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-020-05356-6
Sluggett, J. K., Lalic, S., Hosking, S. M., Ilomӓki, J., Shortt, T., McLoughlin, J., … & Bell, J. S. (2020). Root cause analysis of fall-related hospitalisations among residents of aged care services. Aging clinical and experimental research, 32(10), 1947-1957. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40520-019-01407-z
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Post a brief explanation of the quality improvement model you selected (Root Cause Analysis), including a description of the components that make up this model. Be specific. Then, explain how this quality improvement model might be implemented in your healthcare organization or nursing practice in response to an adverse event requiring quality improvement. Be specific and provide examples.
Quality Improvement Model Selected: Root Cause Analysis (RCA)