Assignment: Summary and Descriptive Statistics

Assignment: Summary and Descriptive Statistics

Assignment: Summary and Descriptive Statistics

Applied Statistics for Health Care
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of central tendency and variation are foundational components of any data analysis process. Through their calculation and comparison, the attributes of a dataset can be formalized. Commonly applied techniques to ascertain measures of central tendency include the mean, median and mode, while those for measuring variation consist of range, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient of variation. These measures equip decision makers with meaningful insights on the dataset in question – allowing them to capitalize on that understanding appropriately. In sum, utilizing these measures is an essential part of efficient data analysis. The purpose of this assignment is to compute and interpret measures of central tendency and Measures of Variation from the cancer institute data.

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Table 1: Measures of Central Tendency
Race Measures of Central Tendency
Mean Median Mode
American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) 43.280 43.860 Not applicable
Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic) 38.513 38.900 36.601
Black (includes Hispanic) 70.07 71.41 Not applicable
Hispanic (any race) 31.493 32.10 34.10
White (includes Hispanic) 62.730 64.60 65.80

The findings of the descriptive data analysis show that black people had the highest rate of cancer infection according to the research data, with a mean of 94.380 per 100,000 people. This was followed by white racial groups, which had a mean of 62.730 recorded cancer infections per 100,000 people, and Hispanics having the lowest rate among all other racial groups measured in this research procedure. This anomaly is especially noteworthy given that the research sample and data collection process was conducted over a lengthy sixteen-year timespan from 2000 to 2016. Therefore, deeper and more thorough investigation must be conducted into why this disparity exists between the various racial groups with respect to their cancer infection rates.

Table 2: Measures of Variation
Ethnicity/Race American Indian / Alaska Native (includes Hispanic) Asian / Pacific Islander (includes Hispanic) White (includes Hispanic) Black (includes Hispanic) Hispanic (any race)
Variance 27.72 5.68 26.16 45.43 8.40
Standard Deviation 5.27 2.38 5.12 6.74 2.90
Maximum 51.72 41.80 68.80 79.00 35.00
Minimum 32.00 34.00 53.20 57.42 26.00
Range 19.70 7.80 15.60 21.60 9.00

The measures of variance for the variables used in our research are clearly illustrated in Table 2. Microsoft Excel formulas were used to calculate this information, and African American respondents proved to have the highest degree of variation. As each 100,000 survey participants were examined, the data presented a higher rate of cancer infections among African Americans than any other demographic studied. A breakdown of range, maximum, minimum, standard deviation and variance were all included in the displayed table for review. Generally speaking, these measurements of variation help us identify differences between different groups or variables which may not be so obvious at first glance.
In conclusion, measures of central tendency are critical in understanding different attribute of data and to determine whether parametric or non-parametric tests may be used. From table 1, it can be concluded that black race has the highest rate of cancer infection compared to other races; more research processes are required to confirm this observation.

Reference
Bilimoria, K. Y., Stewart, A. K., Winchester, D. P., & Ko, C. Y. (2018). The National Cancer Data Base: a powerful initiative to improve cancer care in the United States. Annals of surgical oncology, 15(3), 683-690.

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Assessment Description

There is often the requirement to evaluate descriptive statistics for data within the organization or for health care information. Every year the National Cancer Institute collects and publishes data based on patient demographics. Understanding differences between the groups based upon the collected data often informs health care professionals towards research, treatment options, or patient education.

Using the data on the “National Cancer Institute Data” Excel spreadsheet, calculate the descriptive statistics indicated below for each of the Race/Ethnicity groups. Refer to your textbook and the topic Resources, as needed, for assistance in with creating Excel formulas.

Provide the following descriptive statistics:

Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode

Measures of Variation: Variance, Standard Deviation, and Range (a formula is not needed for Range).

Once the data is calculated, provide a 150-250 word analysis of the descriptive statistics on the spreadsheet. This should include differences and health outcomes between groups.

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

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Rubric Criteria

Collapse All Rubric CriteriaCollapse All

Measures of Central Tendency

25 points

Criteria Description

Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median and Mode)

5. 5: Excellent

25 points

Measures of central tendency are calculated.

4. 4: Good

21.25 points

N/A

3. 3: Satisfactory

18.75 points

Measures of central tendency are mostly calculated, but one required calculation is missing.

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

16.25 points

Measures of central tendency are partially calculated, but two required calculations are missing.

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

0 points

Measures of central tendency are not calculated.

Measures of Variation

25 points

Criteria Description

Measures of Variation (Variance, Standard Deviation and Range)

5. 5: Excellent

25 points

Measures of central variation are calculated for variance and standard deviation. Range is identified.

4. 4: Good

21.25 points

N/A

3. 3: Satisfactory

18.75 points

Measures of central variation are mostly calculated, but one required calculation is missing.

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

16.25 points

Measures of central variation are partially calculated.

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

0 points

Measures of variation are not calculated.

Analysis of Descriptive Statistics

25 points

Criteria Description

Analysis of Descriptive Statistics

5. 5: Excellent

25 points

Analysis of the descriptive statistics for differences and health outcome recommendations between the groups is extremely thorough and accurate and includes substantial explanation and supporting details.

4. 4: Good

21.25 points

Analysis of the descriptive statistics for differences and health outcome recommendations between the groups is complete and mostly accurate and contains explanation and supporting details.

3. 3: Satisfactory

18.75 points

Analysis of the descriptive statistics for differences and health outcome recommendations between the groups is included but lacks accuracy, explanation, or supporting details.

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

16.25 points

Analysis of the descriptive statistics for differences and health outcome recommendations between the groups is incomplete or incorrect.

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

0 points

Analysis of the descriptive statistics for differences and health outcome recommendations between the groups is not included.

Excel Formulas

20 points

Criteria Description

Excel Formulas

5. 5: Excellent

20 points

Excel formulas are complete and correct for all problems.

4. 4: Good

17 points

Excel formulas are included for all problems and contain only minor errors.

3. 3: Satisfactory

15 points

Excel formulas are mostly included and contain minor errors.

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

13 points

Excel formulas are partially included or contain significant errors that affect problem solutions.

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

0 points

Excel formulas are incomplete or incorrect.

Mechanics of Writing

5 points

Criteria Description

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

5. 5: Excellent

5 points

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

4. 4: Good

4.25 points

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech.

3. 3: Satisfactory

3.75 points

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed.

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

3.25 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied.

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

0 points

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.