NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Sample Essay

NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment: Case Study Analysis Sample Essay

During the course of the physical examination, the patient’s prostate was discovered to be enlarged, sensitive, swollen, and warm to the touch. According to the given these are all signs of inflammation. Due to factors such an autoimmune response, hormones, aging, urine reflux, STD microorganisms, viruses, and infectious bacterial agents, some immune system molecular pathways are dysregulated in STD/PID. Rising inflammatory markers (Darwish et al., 2020).

: An Example of an Essay

Prostatitis can result from a kidney, bladder, or urinary tract infection that spreads to the prostate. Numerous STIs, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia, and HIV (Pape et al., 2017), can result in prostatitis. The issue could start if urine leaks into the prostate. The 42-year-old patient may have had prostatitis because he also displayed other symptoms, such as severe lower back pain.

diagnosis of ITP and splenotomy

As explained in , a person with ITP may require spleen removal since their body repeatedly rejects platelets because it perceives them as foreign. The spleen frequently eliminates damaged or degraded platelets. Therefore, when the spleen is removed, more platelets can stay in the body, improving overall health (Rodeghiero, 2018). Splenectomy is a common therapeutic option when a patient is diagnosed with ITP.

Anemia and types of anemia.

Anemia occurs when a person’s body either cannot produce enough red blood cells, or when it destroys or loses too many red blood cells. There are several types of anemia, including macrocytic and microcytic anemia. When a person’s red blood cells are lower than normal and the ones that are present are too small, it is known as microcytic anemia (Lanier et al2018). 2018; Lanier et al. This particular type of anemia results from inadequate hemoglobin production. In contrast, macrocytic anemia occurs when the body of a person has too many large red blood cells and not enough normal red blood cells.

Nursing care has become more comprehensive over the years, implying that the nurse must understand biological and physical abnormalities that occur within individuals’ bodies as a result of various illnesses in order to provide holistic care. Pathophysiology is a foundation for nursing practice because it provides a solid foundation for various nursing roles and responsibilities such as ordering relevant diagnostic tests (Cook et al., 2019; NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay). The chances of receiving higher quality advanced care increase when a nurse correctly recognizes pathophysiological symptoms and signs of the patient’s illness. The purpose of this assignment is to look into the various pathophysiological signs and symptoms of a 42-year-old patient who arrives at the ER with perineal pain, chills and fever, inability to adequately empty the bladder, low back pain, and a history of dysuria. A series of guiding questions will be used to discuss the patient’s case.

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Factors Influencing Fertility

Among the factors that can affect fertility, especially in males, is sexually transmitted diseases. This patient presents with a history of dysuria. The condition may signal urogenital infection such as urinary

tract infection, epididymitis, prostatitis, or urethritis. Chlamydia as a condition may affect testicles when not treated in time. Such an occurrence may lead to permanent disability and sterility (Goulart et al., 2020). The other kind of condition that may affect fertility is a pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by various conditions, some classified under sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, while others are not.

PID/STD and Enhanced Inflammatory Markers

Conclusion

A strong foundation is essential for successful and high-quality patient care, and pathophysiology helps nurse practitioners achieve this goal. It is critical for a nurse to thoroughly investigate a patient’s symptoms before deciding on the best course of action. A forty-two-year-old man with a variety of symptoms was the subject of this case study.

NURS 6053 Week 10 Module 7 Assignment Case Study Analysis Sample Essay References

Cook, N., Shepherd, A., Boore, J., & Dunleavy, S. (2019). Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice. Sage.

Darwish, A. (2020). Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: An Underestimated Serious Health Problem. In Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies (pp. 81-92). CRC Press.

Goulart, A. C. X., Farnezi, H. C. M., França, J. P. B. M., Dos Santos, A., Ramos, M. G., & Penna, M. L. F. (2020). HIV, HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis: impacts on male fertility. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 24(4), 492. .

Lanier, J. B., Park, J. J., & Callahan, R. C. (2018). Anemia in older adults. American family physician, 98(7), 437-442. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/1001/p437.html

Papeš, D., Pasini, M., Jerončić, A., Vargović, M., Kotarski, V., Markotić, A., & Škerk, V. (2017). Detection of sexually transmitted pathogens in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain: a prospective clinical study. International journal of STD & AIDS, 28(6), 613-615. .

Rodeghiero, F. (2018). A critical appraisal of the evidence for the role of splenectomy in adults and children with ITP. British journal of haematology, 181(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.15090

Case Study Analysis

The case study focuses on a 14 –year –old female who required urgent care. The patient was in the company of her mother. The mother stated that the girl was facing an abnormal number of funny-looking red spotless and had an abnormal number of bruises on her legs. However, the mother objected that the trauma was related to the bruises noted after two weeks. She also noted that the girl had been experiencing a bad rest at home for the past three weeks, led by a bad case of mono. The girl was identified to have bleeding gums when brushing her teeth in the morning. The lab report identified that the girl had a normal WBC differential and hgb and hct.

However, platelet abnormal lab results are based on the platelet count of 100,000/mm3. Bleeding in her gums was also noticed when she brushed her teeth in the morning. A complete workup on the peripheral blood smear immune thrombocytopenic purpura was recommended at the ED. The paper focuses on factors that interfere with fertility and gives the reason for the rise of STD/PID due to the inflammatory markers.

Pathophysiology of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpose (ITP)

The pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is complex, according to Chen et al. (2022), because it includes T-cell and B-cell abnormalities. Consumption, hyperproliferation, destruction, and sequestration are the four mechanisms that cause thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, the mechanism is present in a significant proportion of cases and increases platelet destruction, resulting in impaired platelet production. As a result of increased platelet destruction, the megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis defect occurs (Grodzielski et al., 2019).

Phagocytosis aids in the removal of sanitized platelets, which occurs during the sequestration of anti-platelet IgG antibodies (Carter, 2018). Sanitized platelets are produced in a matter of hours, as opposed to the normal platelet half-life of 8 to 9 days. The platelet cell membrane is where drug-induced ITP absorption occurs (McCance & Huether, 2019). As a result, autoantibodies react against platelet glycoproteins. Platelet destruction can also occur when bone marrow undergoes abnormal apoptosis (McCance & Huether, 2019).

Clinical Manifestation of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpose (ITP)

Initially, ITP was perceived as a minor injury. However, the purpura and petechiae development occurred every several days, leading to an increase in bleeding from the mucosal site (McCance & Huether, 2019). Patients with ITP show signs like blood in the urine, bleeding gums, and increased bleeding. The main cause of accelerated platelet consumption is increased splenic sequestration or decreased bone marrow production (McCance & Huether, 2019). The lab test helps predict the diagnosis, evaluating the anti-glycoprotein erythrocyte and leukocyte count.

Genetic/Ethnic Considerations of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpose (ITP)

ITP highly occurs in women (Kjaer et al., 2020). In comparison to acute, the chronic ITP is progressively worse. Acute ITP lasts for approximately one to two months and is common in children (Kjaer et al., 2020). It is not common for a patient to present the intracranial bleeding for the organs or any other sites.ITP is also likely to occur in the newborn as thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

The patient presents ITP, which is associated with the previous diagnosis of Mononucleosis. It is important to review a patient platelet, which helps determine the anti-platelet antibodies when performing a diagnostic test. ITP highly occurs in women between 20 to 40 years.

References

Carter, C. M. (2018). Alterations in blood components. Comprehensive Toxicology, 249. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7152208/

Chen, D. P., Lin, W. T., Wen, Y. H., & Wang, W. T. (2022). Investigation of the correlation between immune thrombocytopenia and T cell activity-regulated gene polymorphism using functional study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-8. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10631-z

Grodzielski, M., Goette, N. P., Glembotsky, A. C., Constanza Baroni Pietto, M., Méndez-Huergo, S. P., Pierdominici, M. S., … & Marta, R. F. (2019). Multiple concomitant mechanisms contribute to low platelet count in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-10. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38086-1

Kjær, M., Geisen, C., Akkök, Ç. A., Wikman, A., Sachs, U., Bussel, J. B., … & Skogen, B. (2020). Strategies to develop a prophylaxis for the prevention of HPA-1a immunization and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 59(1), 102712. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147305021930285X

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier