Research Question: Does Telehealth Help Improve Medications Adherence? Essay

Research Question: Does Telehealth Help Improve Medications Adherence? Essay

Many hospitals and individuals have opted for telehealth since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients are often monitored physically in the inpatient or outpatient departments, “but it is difficult to monitor patients’ medications adherence with the current physical care limitations” (Schulze, 226). There is a need to determine if telehealth, the current intervention, could help improve medication adherence.

Bingham, Jennifer M., et al. “Impact of telehealth interventions on medication adherence for patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia: a systematic review.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 55.5 (2021): 637-649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028020950726

This systematic review describes telehealth interventions and their respective success in enhancing medication adherence in patients. Telehealth bridges geographical distance and reduces other costs such as traveling time. The review utilized studies from various reputable sources hence providing reliable data. The review found that telehealth utilizes phone calls, smartphone apps, video conferences, and other tools to improve the patient’s literacy and thus improve their adherence to medications. These interventions improved medication adherence and patient outcomes. In addition, these interventions can also be used in conjunction with periodic hospital visits when physical care such as collecting drugs and physical assessment is required.

The study highlights the importance of telehealth in medication adherence and suggests some evidence-based best interventions in promoting medication adherence in these patients (diabetic, Dylipidemic, and hypertensive patients). In addition to telehealth, electronic health interventions also improve medication adherence. Healthcare providers should develop targeted medication adherence interventions suitable for the target populations and care settings.

Schulze, Lara N., et al. “Improving medication adherence with telemedicine for adults with severe mental illness.” Psychiatric services 70.3 (2019): 225-228.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800286

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of telehealth interventions ( calls and texts) in promoting medication adherence among mentally ill patients. The study used schizophrenic and bipolar disorder patients in a randomized controlled study, where outcomes were collected and analyzed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale. These two groups of patients are high-risk due to the high social isolation and stigmatization rates. Medication non-compliance is the major cause of disease relapse, hence ensuring adherence to ensure better patient outcomes. Telemedicine interventions provide patient support that bypasses expensive face-to-face appointments.

Telehealth interventions include smartphone applications, online support resources, video conferences, and phone calls and text messages. However, these choices are limited to calls and text messages for these patients with severe mental disorders. These interventions in this study were provided for six months and involved collecting patient feedback on side effects and recuperations or any other reported signs and providing help or advice accordingly for six months. These interventions led to a marked improvement in medication adherence. Healthcare providers should leverage telemedicine to improve patients’ adherence to prescribed medications, especially in high-risk patients with mental health disorders.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Labarca, Gonzalo, et al. “Telemedicine interventions for CPAP adherence in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Sleep medicine reviews 60 (2021): 101543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101543

This study evaluated obstructed sleep apnea patients for the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions in improving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interventions adherence. Obstructed sleep apnea occurs when muscles supporting the tongues and larynx relax, blocking the air passage. The condition causes difficulty breathing, snoring, and waking from sleep. CPAP is indicated because it prevents the collapse of the upper respiratory tract, but patients often fail to adhere to the regimen. Reasons for failure may include the psychological perception that the condition is not severe, forgetting, and other issues. Telemedicine interventions such as calls, text messages, and videos ensure patients adhere to the CPAP intervention.

With the low CPAP adherence, there is a need to evaluate if telemedicine interventions effectively improve adherence to CPAP interventions. Telemedicine provides support and monitoring for these patients, improves conscious decision-making, and thus helps patients adhere to healthcare interventions to improve their healthcare status. The systematic review results showed a 22% increase in patients’ adherence to CPAP interventions. Unlike other studies, this study showed that telehealth is also effective in promoting adherence in non-medication interventions. Thus, telemedicine interventions have promising results in increasing patients’ adherence to CPAP in patients with obstructed sleep apnea.

 

Song, Yuqing, et al. “A randomized controlled trial of the effects of a telehealth educational intervention on medication adherence and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 76.5 (2020): 1172-1181.. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14319

This empirical quantitative research study evaluated the effectiveness of a telehealth education program on patients’ adherence to rheumatoid arthritis education. Patient education is an important healthcare intervention that helps improve patients’ autonomy and care collaboration, promoting better patient outcomes. The telehealth education intervention utilized four phone educational sessions on the telephone over 12 weeks. The sessions educated patients on the disease, side effects, management, the importance of medications and reminded them to take medications. The phone interventions are conversant with all the

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disabling health condition that can be managed at home with proper education, eliminating hospitalization. Good medication adherence for this condition is important in pain management, inflammation prevention, and prevention of progressive structural damage. The study results showed that telehealth interventions significantly improved medications adherence but showed no impact on disease prognosis due to the limited time of the research study. Like in the other studies, telemedicine interventions improve medications adherence and can be incorporated in routine patient care Telemedicine interventions can thus be integrated into care plans of patients with rheumatoid arthritis during patient discharge.

 

Zeng, Zhiwei, et al. “Impact of mobile health and telehealth technology on medication adherence of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2021): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01351-x

This systematic review and meta-synthesis utilized only randomized controlled trials from reputable databases, increasing their reliability. Systematic reviews and meta-synthesis are also high-level evidence studies. The study states that stroke patients do not adherence to medications, which negatively affects their recovery and disease control, leading to readmissions and complications. The systematic review showed that telehealth and electronic interventions had better medication adherence scores than control groups. Telehealth is important in supporting patients by reminding them or giving them a psychological push to perform the activity required; carry out an intervention, or take their medications.

The study also revealed the differences in the various interventions in their effectiveness in promoting patient adherence to medications. Smartphone applications and text messages were more effective in promoting medications adherence than telephone calls. The study also showed that shorter intervals between these interventions elicited better results. Healthcare providers can use telehealth and electronic health interventions to increase patients’ medications adherence. The study results are consistent with the rest of the studies that evaluated the effectiveness of telehealth in promoting patient medication adherence.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Telemedicine interventions are integral in promoting patients’ adherence to medications and other medical interventions from the research conducted. These interventions are effective in diverse populations, majorly in home settings. They bridge the geographical gap between the healthcare provider and the patient and help with care continuity at home. These interventions help reduce complications that arise from non-compliance with medications. They also help “improve compliance to non-medication interventions such as CPAP” (Labarca, 101543)

“The major interventions from the studies are phone calls, text messages, smartphone apps, and online resources” (Bingham et al. 640; Song et al., 1175; Zeng et al., 3). These interventions are tuned to suit the various care populations and care settings. Different populations work best with different interventions hence the need for a proper analysis to determine the population and its needs.

In the future, research should be directed towards evaluating the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in promoting better patient outcomes. Telehealth uses interventions to promote patient medication adherence. Healthcare institutions should utilize telehealth for consultations and follow-up and increase patients’ medication adherence and patient support. Telehealth is a promising healthcare technology in enhancing medications adherence and other interventions.

Works Cited

Bingham, Jennifer M., et al. “Impact of telehealth interventions on medication adherence for patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia: a systematic review.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 55.5 (2021): 637-649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028020950726

Labarca, Gonzalo, et al. “Telemedicine interventions for CPAP adherence in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.” Sleep medicine reviews 60 (2021): 101543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101543

Schulze, Lara N., et al. “Improving medication adherence with telemedicine for adults with severe mental illness.” Psychiatric services 70.3 (2019): 225-228.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800286

Song, Yuqing, et al. “A randomized controlled trial of the effects of a telehealth educational intervention on medication adherence and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 76.5 (2020): 1172-1181.. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14319

Zeng, Zhiwei, et al. “Impact of mobile health and telehealth technology on medication adherence of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (2021): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-021-01351-x

RESEARCH ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
 PURPOSE

This project allows you to explore a topic of interest from your discipline while becoming familiar with research databases and resources. You will start with a research question from your field(Nursing) and investigate that question using scholarly sources. You will use Rogerian synthesis to come to arrive at an argument.

 INSTRUCTIONS

 Find a topic that you might be interested in researching further from your discipline(Nursing). Ask some research questions about that topic that you may be interested in exploring.
 Search for scholarly sources that can help answer your research questions from different perspectives. Narrow the sources to the question that seems most interesting to you, that you want to investigate further.
 Write a topic proposal that includes the following:
1. An introduction to and description of the research question you are planning to investigate
o The perspectives you might consider exploring as they relate to your research question
2. A citation for at least one source that you have found that speaks to the conversation around your research question
3. A short summary (2-3 sentences) of the source you have found
4. Find a minimum of five scholarly sources related to your research question.
 Write 5 extended annotations that include the following:
5. Citation for the source (MLA format)
6. Summary of the source (3-4 sentences), avoiding quotes —put the ideas in the source in your own words
7 Explain the perspective this source adds to the conversation you are investigating (2-3 sentences)
8 Put the source into conversation with at least one or more of your other sources (2-3 sentences)
9 Write 2-3 paragraphs synthesizing your sources, connecting, contrasting, comparing them in terms of how they speak to the question/conversation you are researching. In your synthesis, you are welcome to use quotes and other evidence from your research to develop your discussion of both the sources and the research question at hand.
10. End your synthesis with a rough thesis statement that makes a claim about the writing studies related issue that you investigated.
 FORMAT & LENGTH

 Annotations: 5 paragraphs (7-10 sentences each, although they can be longer); Synthesis (2-3 paragraphs); Thesis Statement (1 sentence)
 Times New Roman or Garamond 12 pt font, double-spaced
 Last name and page number in upper right-hand corner
 Title that reflects the research question you are investigating
 Works Cited page in MLA format
 Documents uploaded to appropriate assignment in Blackboard Essay Dropbox folder
 IMPORTANT DATES

 Topic Proposal due ____ (BB)
 Annotated Bib due ____ (BB)

 RUBRIC & GRADING CRITERIA

A+/A = You exceed the expectations for four or more of the criteria. All others are met.
B+/B = You exceed the expectations for one to three of the criteria. All others are met.
C+/C = You meet the expectations for all of the criteria.
D+/D = You do not meet the expectations for one to three of the criteria. All others are met.
F = You do not meet the expectations for more than three of the criteria or fail to turn in the assignment.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Grading Key:

A+=96 A=92 B+=88 B=84 C+=78 C=74 D+=68 D=64

EXPECTATION EXCEEDS EXPECTATIONS MEETS EXPECTATIONS FAILS TO MEET EXPECTATIONS
TOPIC PROPOSAL Includes all four:
*An introduction to and description of the research question you are plan to investigate
*The perspectives you might consider exploring as they relate to your research question
*A citation for at least one source that you have found that speaks to the conversation around your research question
*A short summary (2-3 sentences) of the source you have found Is missing one of the following four elements:
*An introduction to and description of the research question you are plan to investigate
*The perspectives you might consider exploring as they relate to your research question
*A citation for at least one source that you have found that speaks to the conversation around your research question
*A short summary (2-3 sentences) of the source you have found Is missing all of the following four elements:
*An introduction to and description of the research question you are plan to investigate
*The perspectives you might consider exploring as they relate to your research question
*A citation for at least one source that you have found that speaks to the conversation around your research question
*A short summary (2-3 sentences) of the source you have found
ANNOTATIONS
(CITATION & SUMMARY) Does both:
*A citation of the source in MLA format that appears before the annotation (should have 5 citations total)
*Brief summary of each source that appears early in each individual annotation Does both but not well.
*A citation of the source in MLA format that appears before the annotation (should have 5 citations total)
*Brief summary of each source that appears early in each individual annotation Does none of the following:
*A citation of the source in MLA format that appears before the annotation (should have 5 citations total)
*Brief summary of each source that appears early in each individual annotation
ANNOTATIONS
(CRITICAL ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS) Does both:
*indicates how each source contributes to the conversation under investigation (X5)
*synthesizes the source with another research source, putting it into conversation with at least one or more sources. (X5) Does both but not well
*indicates how each source contributes to the conversation under investigation (X5)
*synthesizes the source with another research source, putting it into conversation with at least one or more sources. (X5) Does none:
*indicates how each source contributes to the conversation under investigation (X5)
*synthesizes the source with another research source, putting it into conversation with at least one or more sources. (X5)
SYNTHESIS *Is at least two paragraphs long
*Puts the sources into conversation with one another, explaining the how the rhetoric, claims, and evidence of these texts speak to one another and to the research question at hand
*Includes evidence from the sources to develop points
*Connections are insightful, and they build up so there are more through the course of the essay. Does all of the following, but not well:
*Is at least two paragraphs long
*Puts the sources into conversation with one another, explaining the how the rhetoric, claims, and evidence of these texts speak to one another and to the research question at hand
*Includes evidence from the sources to develop points
*Connections are insightful, and they build up so there are more through the course of the essay. Does none of the following:
*Is at least two paragraphs long
*Puts the sources into conversation with one another, explaining the how the rhetoric, claims, and evidence of these texts speak to one another and to the research question at hand
*Includes evidence from the sources to develop points
*Connections are insightful, and they build up so there are more through the course of the essay.
THESIS STATEMENT Does all:
*Occurs at the end of the synthesis
*Is a claim or recommendation about the research topic
*Is arguable.
*is informed by the research Does three out of four
*Occurs at the end of the synthesis
*Is a claim or recommendation about the research topic
*Is arguable.
*is informed by the research Does none of the following:
*Occurs at the end of the synthesis
*Is a claim or recommendation about the research topic
*Is arguable.
*is informed by the research