Analysis of Potential Health Promotion Activities Essay     

Analysis of Potential Health Promotion Activities Essay     

Patient and Family-Centered Areas of Potential Health Promotion

Based on an analysis of Alfredo’s family, there is a history of hypertension, cancer and osteoporosis. Therefore, health promotion activities should educate them on how to lower the risk of getting diseases. One of the ears of health promotion thus includes eating healthy diets such as the DASH diet, which include food rich in vitamin, fibers, proteins, and potassium and low in sodium and saturated fat. Another area of health promotion is being physically active to prevent obesity and worsening osteoporosis. The third area is avoiding smoking, which can raise blood pressure and cause cancer. The fourth area concerns lowering alcoholic drinks, which raises blood pressure and the risk of liver cancer. The fifth area is stress management activities to present a risk of pressure. Finally, they need to be educated about going for health checkups for early diagnosis in case of occurrence and prevention (Tan et al., 2019).

How Motivational Interviewing Elicits Patient-Driven Health Promotion

A collection of techniques and approaches known as motivational interviewing are used to persuade people who are undecided about altering their behavior. A clinician’s responsibility may include identifying and fostering a person’s drive to change because motivational interviewing is founded on the idea that people will make their own decisions. This is done by promoting self-motivational comments and encouraging people to speak about their ability, need, need, and commitment to change. One particular feature of ambivalence that can either increase or decrease due to social participation is sustained talk or statements that convey the idea that someone wants to keep things as they are. Applying this technique will therefore lead to patient-driven health promotion. By shifting the conversational dynamic, motivational interviewing increases the possibility of long-term behavior change by making patients feel more in control of their health and well-being. Motivational interview emphasizes on the individual’s own perceptions and motives to help them overcome ambivalence and bring about positive behavior change rather than highlighting shortcomings (Smith & Logan, 2022).

Allies and Barriers to Change

Some barriers to health promotion for Alfred and his family include an event where the patients and family are not motivated to modify their lifestyles, where there needs to be more funding, and in case the interventions have not been beneficial. Moreover, the lack of health-promoting programs to support the patient and the family and restrictions in the physical environment preventing them from exercising, for instance, is another barrier (Stellefson et al., 2020).

Some of the allies for change are the presence of health promotion champions that increase health promotion buy-in. In addition, the presence of adequate resources to acquire the requirement, such as food, is an ally. Another facilitator includes the patient’s readiness for change. Moreover, good support systems are essential to ensure patients adhere to health promotion activities (Fernandez et al., 2019). Furthermore, adequate knowledge about the importance of health promotion activities acts as a facilitator.

How Incorporating Social Ecological Model and Readiness to Change Influences Health Promotion

The most successful public health efforts have been built on an understanding of health behaviors and the surroundings in which they occur (Stellefson et al., 2020). According to the socio-ecological approach, health promotion should focus on the multi-level factors that influence the specific behavior and the intrapersonal behavioral factors that influence that behavior (Herlitz et al., 2020). As a result, the socio-ecological model is focused on how human interaction with the environment affects health promotion on a social, physical, and policy level. In addition, readiness for change refers to a situation where the patient is highly motivated to change, exerts more extraordinary efforts, persists in the face of obstacles and displays cooperative behavior, influencing change.

Steps Used to Support Alfredo in Developing Patient and Family-Centered Health Promotion Plan

Some steps include creating open communication between patient and family members, which increase their engagement and ensure the care is formulated according to their preferences. Another step is showing respect and dignity to the patient and family, increasing their involvement and motivation. Moreover, recognizing and respecting one another’s knowledge and expertise helps ensure patient- and family-centered care. In addition, sharing pier in decisions making and acknowledging and respecting diversity helps in supporting the development of family and patient-centered health promotion plans (Proper & van Oostrom, 2019).

Creating SMART Goals

One of Alfredo’s health promotion priority areas is preventing the risk of hypertension. The first step is assessing the habits that should be eliminated, such as smoking, which increase the risk of hypertension. The second step is determining ways of eliminating these practices, such as quitting smoking. The third step is creating a time frame to accomplish the goals, such as staying comfortably without smoking for two weeks. Finally, is an outcome evaluation to determine if the goal is achieved by measuring the blood pressure level changes (Stellefsonn et al., 2020).

Providing a Sample SOAP Note

Subjective

Chief complaint: “work physical.”

History of presenting illness: Alfredo Garcia, a 50-year-old Hispanic male who comes to the clinic for a work physical. Alfredo does not have a regular primary care provider and has no health complaints today.

Past Medical History: Alfredo’s past medical history includes a fractured right ankle that occurred when he was 28 years old. He has no previous surgical history or history of hospitalization.

Family History: Alfredo’s father, paternal grandfather, and maternal grandmother all have diabetes. His paternal grandmother has osteoporosis and hypertension. His maternal grandfather died at 67 from colon cancer. Alfredo’s three siblings and his two children are alive and with no serious medical history.

Social History: Alfredo smokes half a pack of filtered cigarettes per day, drinks two energy drinks per day, and drinks four alcoholic drinks per meal three times per week. He does not exercise regularly and eats fast food for breakfast and lunch five days a week and dinner at home with his family. Dinner usually consists of meat (chicken, beef, or pork), tortillas, rice and beans, and one vegetable. He consumes one–two fruits or vegetables per day as part of dinner or as a snack. Alfredo is married and has two children who are in high school. Alfredo works as a construction foreman for a local construction company. He has a high school diploma.

Meds: Tylenol for back pain once per week, 1 gram per dose for two doses.

Allergies: No known drug, food, or environmental allergies.

Surgical History: Denies any surgical interventions.

Review Of Systems

General/Constitutional:  Denies weight change, fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, energy level.

 

HEENT:  No Corrective lenses, blurring, visual changes of any kind, Ear pain, hearing loss, ringing in ears, discharge.

Cardiac/Hematologic: Denies chest pain, palpitations, PND, orthopnea, edema, bruising, blood transfusion hx, easy bleeding, abnormal blood tests.

Pulmonary: Denies cough, wheezing, hemoptysis, dyspnea, pneumonia hx, TB

GI: Denies Abdominal pain, N/V/D, constipation, hepatitis, hemorrhoids, eating disorders, ulcers, black tarry stools.

GU: Reports increased thirst and urination. Denies urgency, frequency burning, change in color of urine, STDS, prostate problems.

Musculoskeletal: Takes Tylenol for occasional back pain. Denies joint swelling, stiffness or pain, hx right ankle fracture.

Skin: Denies delayed healing, rashes, bruising, bleeding or skin discolorations, any changes in lesions or moles

Neuro: Denies syncope, seizures, transient paralysis, weakness, paresthesia, black out spells

Psychiatric: Denies depression, anxiety, sleeping difficulties, suicidal ideation/attempts, previous dx

Endocrine: Reports increased thirst. No bruising, blood transfusion hx, night sweats, swollen glands, increase hunger, cold or heat intolerance.

Objective Data

Vitals: HR: 88, BP: 155/92 R arm, seated RR: 14, WT: 245, HT: 5’8”, BMI: 37.2 kg/m2, Vision 20/35 Snellen Chart

General: Well groomed, in no apparent distress

HEENT: Head normocephalic, cranial nerves intact. Eyes PERRLA, EOMs intact. Optic disc margins sharp. TMs intact, pearly gray

Mouth: Buccal mucosa pink, moist, and intact. Proper dentition

Respiratory: Lungs clear to auscultation bilaterally

Cardiovascular: S1, S2, no murmurs noted. Pulses +2 throughout, no edema.

Gastrointestinal: Abdomen round with striae, tympanic throughout, soft, non-tender. Liver span percussed at 15 cm.

Genitourinary: Uncircumcised penile shaft, testes rubbery and smooth, no hernias present.

Assessment

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Diagnosis

Based on the present objective and subjective data, Alfredo might have diabetes due to increased thirst and urination and hypertension evidenced by high blood pressure of 155/93. Hgb A1C to displays the average glucose levels for the past 2-3 months. Blood glucose levels are determined by the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Testing the blood and urine can detect diseases that can contribute to or worsen hypertension. Checking the cholesterol and blood sugar levels are two examples. Tests to evaluate the thyroid, liver, and kidney function may also be performed in the laboratory. An electrocardiogram is a noninvasive test that monitors electrical activity in the heart. It has the ability to detect the rate at which the heart is beating.

Plan

The3 first step is to confirm the presence of the two conditions. Diabetes is tested by conducting blood sugar tests. If present, the patient should be administered with ant diabetes such as regular acting insulin 10 units three time a day subcutaneously. He should also be educated on health promotion activities such as eating a healthy diet with less sugar and exercising regularly. For hypertension, testing is done by blood and urine test or echocardiogram; if confirmed to have the condition, he should be given antihypertensives such as atenolol 50 mg once a day and verapamil 80 mg once a day (Fernandez et al., 2020). He should also educate on health promotion activities such as eating a DASH diet. Mr. Alfredo to come back to the facility after 2 weeks for follow-up.

Creating a Written Follow-Up Plan

Description of the Known Allies and Barriers

The allies that should be followed up with include support networks to ensure patients adhere to treatment plans. In addition, continuous health education should be provided to reinforce the recommended treatment. Furthermore, patients should be encouraged to enroll in a support program to ensure adherence (Stellefson et al., 2020). The barriers, such as lack of motivation, should be followed up to ensure their adherence and that the environment is conducive to physical activity.

How Involving Family and Close Contacts in Health Promotion

Family and close contact can facilitate positive change by encouraging the patient to adhere to the treatment plans and reminding them of the need to follow the recommended practices (Jenkins et al., 2020)

Steps used to Support Alfredo in Modifying Patient and Family-Centered Health Promotion Plan

These steps include encouraging open communication with patients and families, recognizing familial importance and enabling patients and families to participate in the decision-making process in the course of care or the patient (Tan et al., 2019). Furthermore, respective cultural identity, offering care per the patient’s preferences and showing respect and dignity helps in supporting a patient in modifying a patient and family-centered health promotion plan.

Analyzing the Progress of the Plan

Determining Patient-Centered Measures of Progress

These methods include assessing clinical outcomes such as reduced blood pressure and blood sugar levels. In addition, patient-reported outcomes measures and evaluation of patient experience are other measures of progress (Jenkins et al., 2020).

Process of Measuring Patient-Centered Progress

Arguably, the most accurate way to gauge patient-centeredness is through patient-reported measurements. Patient preferences are one instance of a patient-reported measure that does this since individuals are in the best position to know whether their care aligns with their values, preferences, and needs (Tan et al., 2019).

Importance of Recognizing-Progress Patient-Directed

Patient-centered care is a healthcare method that puts the patient in charge. Medical professionals have found that when patients actively participate in their care, outcomes are better, and patients feel more empowered. Patient-centered treatment respects patient preferences, reduces the frequency of unnecessary procedures, and improves patient health. Medical professionals can develop customized patient care plans thanks to patient-centered care, which improves health outcomes (Sartori et al., 2020).

References

Fernandez, M. E., Ruiter, R. A., Markham, C. M., & Kok, G. (2019). Intervention mapping: theory-and evidence-based health promotion program planning: perspective and examples. Frontiers in Public Health, 209. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00209

Herlitz, L., MacIntyre, H., Osborn, T., & Bonell, C. (2020). The sustainability of public health interventions in schools: a systematic review. Implementation Science, 15(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-019-0961-8

Jenkins, E., Haines-Saah, R., McGuinness, L., Hirani, S., Boakye-Yiadom, N., Halsall, T., … & Morris, J. (2020). Assessing the impacts of the Agenda Gap intervention for youth mental health promotion through policy engagement: a study protocol. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 14, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00390-7

Proper, K. I., & van Oostrom, S. H. (2019). The effectiveness of workplace health promotion interventions on physical and mental health outcomes–a systematic review of reviews. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 45(6), 546-559. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26844865

Sartori, A. C., Rodrigues Lucena, T. F., Lopes, C. T., Picinin, B. M., & Yamaguchi, M. U. (2020). Educational intervention using WhatsApp on medication adherence in hypertension and diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial. Telemedicine and e-Health, 26(12), 1526-1532. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0305

Smith, A. M., & Logan, D. E. (2022). Promoting readiness and engagement in pain rehabilitation for youth and families: Developing a pediatric telehealth motivational interviewing protocol. Paediatric and Neonatal Pain, 4(3), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/pne2.12063

Stellefson, M., Paige, S. R., Chaney, B. H., & Chaney, J. D. (2020). The evolving role of social media in health promotion: updated responsibilities for health education specialists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041153

Tan, J. P., Cheng, K. K. F., & Siah, R. C. J. (2019). A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of education on medication adherence for patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(11), 2478-2494. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14025

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Instructions for assignment

In order to be successful in promoting health for patients and populations across the life span, nurse practitioners need to develop and utilize key skills related to leadership, collaboration, and innovation. Additionally, these skills are utilized within a conceptual framework that helps the nurse practitioner to visualize the interconnectedness of the individual to the multifactorial influences that surround him or her.

For this task, you will develop a health promotion plan for an individual that considers how personal contacts, the environment, the greater community, and policy influence the individual’s health. The health promotion plan should be written in such a way that a diverse healthcare team comprised of interprofessional and inexperienced people can easily understand the justifications for and interventions of the plan.
SCENARIO
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You are a nurse practitioner practicing in a nurse-led primary care clinic in a rural community. You are providing care for Alfredo Garcia, a 50-year-old Hispanic male who comes to the clinic for a work physical. Alfredo does not have a regular primary care provider and has no health complaints today.

PMH: Alfredo’s past medical history includes a fractured right ankle that occurred when he was 28 years old. He has no previous surgical history or history of hospitalization.

FH: Alfredo’s father, paternal grandfather, and maternal grandmother all have diabetes. His paternal grandmother has osteoporosis and hypertension. His maternal grandfather died at 67 from colon cancer. Alfredo’s three siblings and his two children are alive and with no serious medical history.

SH: Alfredo smokes half a pack of filtered cigarettes per day, drinks two energy drinks per day, and drinks four alcoholic drinks per meal three times per week. He does not exercise regularly and eats fast food for breakfast and lunch five days a week, and dinner at home with his family. Dinner usually consists of meat (chicken, beef, or pork), tortillas, rice and beans, and one vegetable. He consumes one–two fruits or vegetables per day as part of dinner or as a snack. Alfredo is married and has two children who are in high school. Alfredo works as a construction foreman for a local construction company. He has a high school diploma.

Health promotion: He wears his seatbelt 100% of the time. Has not had a colonoscopy nor has one scheduled. Last vaccination over 10 years ago. Last dental exam two years ago.

Meds: Tylenol for back pain once per week, 1 gram per dose for two doses.

Allergies: No known drug, food, or environmental allergies.

ROS: Negative except for increased thirst and urination.

Vitals: HR: 88, BP: 155/92 R arm, seated RR: 14, WT: 245, HT: 5’8”, BMI: 37.2 kg/m2, Vision 20/35 Snellen Chart

PE: Well groomed, in no apparent distress. Head normocephalic, cranial nerves intact. Eyes PERRLA, EOMs intact. Optic disc margins sharp. TMs intact, pearly gray. Buccal mucosa pink, moist, and intact. Proper dentition. Lungs clear to auscultation bilaterally. S1S2 no murmurs. Pulses +2 throughout. No edema. Abdomen round with striae, tympanic throughout, soft, nontender. Liver span percussed at 15 cm. Uncircumcised, testis rubbery, smooth. No hernia.

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REQUIREMENTS
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No more than a combined total of 30% of the submission and no more than a 10% match to any one individual source can be directly quoted or closely paraphrased from sources, even if cited correctly. The originality report that is provided when you submit your task can be used as a guide.

You must use the rubric to direct the creation of your submission because it provides detailed criteria that will be used to evaluate your work. Each requirement below may be evaluated by more than one rubric aspect. The rubric aspect titles may contain hyperlinks to relevant portions of the course.

Tasks may not be submitted as cloud links, such as links to Google Docs, Google Slides, OneDrive, etc., unless specified in the task requirements. All other submissions must be file types that are uploaded and submitted as attachments (e.g., .docx, .pdf, .ppt).

SOAP Note with Health Promotion Focus

A. Analyze Alfredo’s potential health promotion activities by doing the following:
1. Describe six patient- and family-centered areas of potential health promotion for Alfredo and his family.
2. Explain how using motivational interviewing elicits patient-driven health promotion priorities. Include supporting scholarly literature to provide an evidence-based foundation for your explanation.
3. Describe five potential allies and five potential barriers to change for Alfredo and his family that you foresee.
4. Explain how incorporating the social ecological model and the readiness to change theory influences the health promotion plan, including supporting literature to provide an evidence-based foundation for your explanation.
5. Describe the steps that will be used to support Alfredo in developing a patient- and family-centered health promotion plan.
6. Describe the steps that will be used to assist Alfredo in creating SMART (specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, and timely) goals directly related to one of his priority health promotion areas.
7. Provide a sample SOAP note that includes each of the following aspects:
• the subjective and objective data provided
• the assessment portion (diagnoses you would provide)
• the plan portion with one health promotion item expanded to include actionable goals

B. Create a written follow-up plan by doing the following:
1. Describe the known allies and barriers to change for Alfredo and his family.

Note: Please see part A3 to choose from the 10 potential allies and barriers identified there.

2. Explain how involving the family and close contacts in health promotion can facilitate positive change.
3. Describe the steps used to support Alfredo in modifying a patient- and family-centered health promotion plan.

C. Analyze the progress of the plan by doing the following:
1. Describe the process of determining patient-centered measures of progress.
2. Describe the process of measuring patient-centered progress.
3. Describe the importance of recognizing progress that is patient-directed.

D. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

E. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

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RUBRIC FOR D121

COMPETENT

The description provides 6 areas of potential health promotion for Alfredo and his family, and all chosen areas are relevant to the case presented.

COMPETENT

The explanation provides a convincing argument of how using motivational interviewing elicits patient-driven health promotion priorities. The explanation is supported with 1 peer-reviewed scholarly article.

COMPETENT

The description provides 5 potential allies and 5 potential barriers to change, including explaining how they are associated with Alfredo and how they affect the health promotion activities.

COMPETENT

The submission provides a convincing argument for how incorporating the social ecological model and the readiness to change theory influences the health promotion plan. The explanation is supported with 1 peer-reviewed scholarly article per theory/model.

COMPETENT

The description of the steps that will be used to support Alfredo in developing a patient- and family-centered health promotion plan is relevant, is logical, and includes all key information in the described steps.

COMPETENT

The description provides logical steps that will be used to assist Alfredo in creating SMART goals directly related to one of his priority health promotion areas. The description includes all key information in the described steps.

COMPETENT

The SOAP note is provided and includes correct information for each of the 3 given points.

OMPETENT

The description provides the known allies and barriers to change that are both plausible and relevant.

COMPETENT

The explanation provides a logical argument for how involving the family and close contacts in health promotion can facilitate positive change.

COMPETENT

The description of the steps that could be used to assist Alfredo in modifying a patient- and family-centered health promotion plan is plausible.

COMPETENT

The description of the process of determining patient-centered measures of progress is both logical and relevant to Alfredo and the scenario.

COMPETENT

The description of the process of measuring patient-centered progress is relevant to Alfredo and the scenario.

COMPETENT

The description of the importance of recognizing patient-directed progress is logical.

COMPETENT

The submission includes in-text citations and references for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized and demonstrates a consistent application of APA style.

COMPETENT

Content reflects attention to detail, is organized, and focuses on the main ideas as prescribed in the task or chosen by the candidate. Terminology is pertinent, is used correctly, and effectively conveys the intended meaning. Mechanics, usage, and grammar promote accurate interpretation and understanding.